Linear Circuit Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Basic Concepts
- Charge, current, and voltage
- Power and energy
- Linear circuits
- Linear components
- Nodes and loops
- Series and parallel
- R, L & C combinations
- V & I combinations
- Multimeters
3. Simple Circuits
- Ohm's law
- Kirchhoff's current law
- Kirchhoff's voltage law
- Single loop circuits
- Single node-pair circuits
- Voltage division
- Current division
4. Nodal and Mesh Analysis (DC)
5. Additional Analysis Techniques (DC)
- Superposition
- Source transformation
- The $V_{test}/I_{test}$ method
- Norton equivalent
- Thévenin equivalent
- Max power transfer
- DC analysis of L & C
6. AC Analysis
7. Magnetically Coupled Circuits
8. Polyphase Systems
9. Operational Amplifiers
10. Laplace Transforms
11. Time-Dependent Circuits
- Introduction
- Inductors and capacitors
- First-order transients
- Second-order transients
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Parallel RLC circuits
Series RLC circuits - Nodal analysis
- Mesh analysis
- Laplace transforms
- Additional techniques
12. Two-Port Networks
Appendix
Multimeters
Voltmeters
A voltmeter is a device that measures the voltage across a component (or between any two points) in a circuit. It has a very high resistance, so it does not significantly affect the circuit when connected in parallel with the component being measured.
An ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance, meaning no current flows through it when it is connected in parallel with a component. Since the voltmeter has infinite resistance, the ideal voltmeter does not affect the circuit at all.
A real voltmeter has a very high but finite resistance, so it affects the circuit only slightly (often negligibly) when connected in parallel with a component. Any practical voltmeter is real; however, it can often be approximated as ideal.
Ammeters
An ammeter is a device that measures the current through a component (or a wire) in a circuit. Unlike a voltmeter, an ammeter has very low resistance, so it does not significantly affect the circuit when connected in series with the component being measured.
An ideal ammeter has zero resistance, meaning all the current flows through it when it is connected in series with a component. Since the ammeter has zero resistance, the ideal ammeter does not affect the circuit at all.
A real ammeter has a very low but finite resistance, so it affects the circuit only slightly (often negligibly) when connected in series with a component. Any practical ammeter is real; however, it can often be approximated as ideal.
Ohmmeter
An ohmmeter is a device that measures the resistance of a component in a circuit. It works by applying a known voltage across the component (usually a resistor) and measuring the resulting current, then using Ohm's law ($R = \frac{V}{I}$) to calculate the resistance.
Powermeter
A powermeter is a device that measures the power consumed by a component in a circuit. It works by measuring the voltage across the component and the current through it, then using the formula $P = VI$ to calculate the power.
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Ideal voltmeters and ammeters
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Real voltmeters and ammeters